Do you remember the moment your life changed; the moment when the doctor sat you down and gently and honestly said, " I'm very sorry to tell you that you have Multiple System Atrophy, which is a rare and progressive neurological condition." Were you sitting with a loved one, were you in disbelief, angry, sad, or relieved to finally know what was going on with your body? Your doctor probably answered many questions and explained your condition in stages so you could absorb time sensitive and life altering information.
Perhaps the message was not delivered with the compassion and support you deserved. This page is designed to answer your questions, provide support and resources to help you and your loved ones navigate through emotional and physical changes as you try to manage symptoms. The goal is to offer you comfort with the fact that you are not alone in the battle against MSA. This is a candid page that is designed to prepare you for symptoms and changes that may appear frightening when first experienced. Preparing in advance will help provide peace and rest when subtle or drastic changes occur.
While prognosis is poor, there is much joy to be found in the time you have left and hope in the potential for improved quality of life through symptom management and emotional support.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that affects the body's involuntary functions such as blood pressure, balance, bowel, bladder, and motor control. MSA has no cure, and the cause is unknown. The disease progresses over time and eventually will lead to death. Survival rate varies. On average, MSA life expectancy is about 7-10 years from the onset of first symptoms. Diagnosis occurs in adults between the age of 40-70 years of age. While there are no current treatments to stop or slow down progression of MSA, other treatment options include medications to manage symptoms and improve quality of life, the use of medical equipment, physical, occupational, and or speech therapy to help maintain, improve, or adjust to declining speech and muscle coordination. Psychological counseling is also a benefit as you adapt to lifestyle changes. Medications and therapies will also vary with individuals so it is important to work with a care team of specialists to find the most suitable treatment that will benefit you the most.
Your journey to diagnosis may have been a long and rocky path. There is no definitive test to confirm the diagnosis of MSA except upon autopsy. However, some testing involved includes physical exam, brain imaging such as MRI to assess irregularities, shrinkage in parts of the brain, or dopamine deficiency, the tilt table test is used to assess blood pressure changes with position, and blood work. If you are having symptoms involving your autonomic nervous system such as blood pressure, bowel, bladder, or digestive concerns, other tests may be performed. Each individual is different, and symptoms will vary as disease progresses.
There are three degrees of certainty for diagnosis. Your neurologist may have given you a possible, probable, or definite diagnosis of MSA depending on your symptoms. There are two types of MSA, parkinsonian type (MSA-P) and cerebellar type (MSA-C). Depending on how you initially present with symptoms is how you are diagnosed with a type. However, there may come a time when you experience symptoms of both types. Some symptoms that may be experienced with MSA-P are slow, stiff movements, changes in handwriting, and difficulty starting a movement or turning in bed. Some symptoms experienced with MSA-C are difficulty with fine motor coordination such as buttoning the buttons on a shirt, feeling unsteady or unsafe with stairs, poor balance, and slurred speech. Other symptoms associated with both types may include, restless sleep, weakness in arms and legs, weak voice, difficulty swallowing, blurred vision, cold hands and feet, sexual dysfunction, feeling dizzy upon standing, pain around neck and shoulders, urinary retention, frequency, or incontinence, inability to sweat, constipation, emotional disturbances, and loud breathing. In either case, day to day life presents unpredictable challenges so it is important to surround yourself with the support of family and loved ones, have good communication and trust with your neurologist and care team, and plan for future changes while taking one day at a time.
Disruptive Brain Pathway
MSA is given its name because Multiple systems are involved in the progression of the disease, Systems in the brain that control different functions are affected, and Atrophy or shrinkage occurs in brain cells. Areas of the brain that are affected by MSA are the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and brain stem. These areas are responsible for different functions. The cerebellum involves balance and movement coordination. The brain stem has many key functions including breathing, swallowing, digestion, sleep, pain processing, and reflexes. The basal ganglia is an area deep within the brain and has other structures called the striatum and substantia nigra. These structures also involve movement and are responsible for muscle tone, thought and emotional processes, and the release of dopamine.
Damage to these brain tissues show a buildup of a certain amino acid protein called alpha-synuclein in brain cells called oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are special cells in the brain that support neurons. Neurons are the basic functions of the brain that communicate with the nervous system. The accumulations of these proteins disrupt normal nerve function and causes neurons in the brain to die. It is not understood why this occurs, but research still continues to understand the cause and find effective treatment. The brains of people with MSA have worsening damage and shrinkage to these portions of the brain causing adverse functioning. Remember there are ways to manage and reduce some symptoms through medications and lifestyle adaptations. Seek the advice of doctors that are involved in your care.
Living With MSA
As MSA progresses, daily activities become more difficult. The rate of progression and type of symptoms are different with everyone. If you have received a diagnosis early on or late in the disease process, take the time each day to find a moment of peace with your loved ones, continue to adjust to updated living situations and if feasible, plan ahead for the time when mobility presents greater challenges. Take steps now to improve your health and fitness, avoid extreme heat, elevate the head of your bed for better breathing and blood pressure control during sleep, eat a healthy diet, keep track of your symptoms and questions for your doctor. Use services that are available as disability progresses. When the time comes, understand that palliative care is about maintaining and maximizing your quality of life. Whether you are the patient or the caregiver, learn to ask for help. There is no shame in that. There will be good days along with bad days. Try to remember there is more happiness in giving than there is in receiving. By not asking for help you could be robbing someone of their happiness by helping you in your time of need. Above all, appreciate the little moments of today and stay in the present for that is all that is promised to anyone.
Listed below are some support groups and patient advocacy organizations to help you and your loved one's cope with the challenges of living with MSA.
https://multiplesystematrophy.org
https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/msa-crusaders
Facebook support group- Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)
Facebook support group- MSA Widows and Widowers